Text | shindo-fuyuka

2020年2月19日ホムアートトランス　アーティストトークのカンペ(日本語版)　

なぜ第二次大戦と日本の占領についてプロジェクトを始めたのか：

あるときマレーシアからの友人と第二次世界大戦のことを話しました。彼らは日本の占領について話してくれました。それは、日本の占領中にマレーシアに暮らす人々の多くが戦争被害にあったという話でした。私がそれまでに聞いたことがある戦争の話は、日本兵や一般市民の悲劇などが多く、こうしたマーレーシアの話を初めて聞きました。私がなんとなく知っていた日本の戦争の話は一つの側面であり、違った側面を知るには戦争の歴史に自ら意識を向ける必要があると感じました。

リサーチ：

私がマレーシア滞在中に訪れた場所は下記の地図（リンク）より見ることができます。それぞれの場所の写真やメモがついています。

https://drive.google.com/open?id=19bKPuQxB0CElKwV-FB-PpmNiNPGYU87j

リサーチのために資料を読んだり話を伺ったりすることがありますが、中でも史跡を巡るのが好きで、それがリサーチの中心になっています。旅は（今回でいえば戦争という）主題についての考えを促し、自分の体験をもとにした歴史の物語をうみだすキーになります。

マレーシアで考えた戦争のこと：

第二次大戦と日本の占領は、当然ながらマレーシアの歴史の中でそれだけが独立して存在しているわけではありません。マレーシア史の大きな流れの一部として戦争の歴史は英国植民地時代から続き、その後の独立やマラヤ危機の時代に続いていきます。滞在先には、そこの歴史がありそれを尊重することは重要だと思いました。

マレーシア国内やシンガポールの戦争慰霊碑を巡ると、占領する立場や占領された立場など、それぞれの物語があり、戦争が一方的なものではないことを気づかせてくれます。訪れてみることで全ての慰霊碑はマレーシア、英国、日本など分断されていますが、戦争で亡くなった方々を慰霊するという共通の目的があることがわかります。

もう一つ興味を引いたのは、戦争の物語をどう現在や未来に残すのかという話を聞いたことです。戦争や歴史の物語は、制度や機関のなかで保存されるアーカイブと思っていましたが、今回地元に伝わる幽霊話が興味を引きました。アーカイブはできる限り全てを記録し博物館や大学、文書館などの機関の中で保存し、必要な時に利用することができます。一方、地元に残る戦争の幽霊話や噂は、実際はどんなことが起こったのかはすでによくわからなくなっていて、単純化されてしまっていますが、当時の恐ろしさや残酷さが濃縮されて物語の中に残されているように感じました。確かに話を聞くと戦時中大変な経験をした人々が、見えない存在（幽霊）となり、今もその恐怖を伝えているような気がします。

自転車：

日本軍は第二次大戦中マレーシア侵攻時に移動手段に自転車を使いました。そうしたことから、戦争史跡を巡ることと並行して「自転車」を一つのキーワードとして、成るにまかせて自転車をめぐる活動をしました。そして何人かの自転車を知る人々に出会い、戦争碑をめぐるサイクリングに連れていってもらったり、自転車のパーツを手に入れることになりました。

自転車は移動手段、スポーツ、コレクションアイテム、量販されている商品など様々な側面がありますが、興味深く感じたのは社会や環境に関するメッセージが含まれていることです。こうした背景をマレーシアで出会った人たちの自転車への態度から知ることできました。

例えば、クムおじさんの自転車屋は私のお気に入りです。新しい自転車を販売するよりも修理を専門にしています。自転車は完璧に壊れてしまうまでは修理可能だし、パーツの交換もできると言っていました。また、サイクリストのジェフはクアラルンプールのサイクリング地図を制作したり、自転車を自分で組み立てることを人に教えるような、自転車の利用を促進する活動をしています。ナズリさんは自転車のコレクターでした。産業史やマレーシアの歴史と結びついた古い自転車の魅力を話してくれたり、私が自転車のパーツを探していると聞いて古いパーツを譲ってくれました。

　こうして、いくつかの手元に集まってきた自転車パーツを持って日本に帰ってきました。一つ一つに、手元にやってくるまでの話があります。札幌でもひき続き自転車のことは続けたいと思っています。

Cheating paper for the talk in HOM Art Trance, 19th Feb 2020

Introduction:

I am Fuyuka Shindo from Sapporo in Hokkaido island, Japan. It is fifth biggest city in Japan and there is lots of snow in winter.

In my art practice, I concentrated to deal with Hokkaido history these 10 years. Because I thought Hokkaido history is generally not very visible until you pay attention (,although every local history often invisible behind mainstream history). Hokkaido has very different history from ‘Japanese history’ until modernization in Meiji period. It became part of Japan at that time which is after ‘samurai’ time (after 1868). There are Ainu people who are the indigenes in Hokkaido, but Japanese government developed the land and encouraged people to immigrate to Hokkaido from all over Japan in Meiji period. The new settlers became the majority and occupied Hokkaido. My families were also migrants at that time, but this family history is not remained a lot. This story of Hokkaido Development related to my last art project called ‘Child of Settlers’.

Child of Settlers, 2019, Moerenuma Park in Sapporo Photo by Keiji Stuyuguchi

Why start the project Second World War and Japanese Occupation:

One day I talked about second world war with my friends from Malaysia. They told the occupation by Imperial Japanese during that time, and it was difficult time and there were many war victims in Malaysia. It was first time to know that story in Malaysia. My familiar war stories were mostly tragic stories of Japanese soldiers and ordinally Japanese people. I felt my familiar war stories are the one of the war aspects. The other aspects are needed own intention to realize more.

Research:

The places where I visited is in Google map HERE, notes and pictures included:

There are reading, interviewing and other activities during the research, however I like to visit historic sites which is my center of research. Travels encourage me to concern subject matter, like this time is the war , also, the key to find own narrative of history from my experiences

Notes from the research:

Even though my interest is WWⅡ and Japanese occupation, this history doesn’t independently exist in Malaysia. The war is part of the history which continued from the British colonial time, then to the Malayan Emergency afterward. At first, I just looked at the WW2 and I thought it would be fine as my research, however, after a while I felt this was unrespectable attitude to the place where I stay.

When I visit the war cenotaphs, there have various stories from different positions, such as who was occupied and who occupied. It recognized me the war is not only one side story. However, all the cenotaphs built for calm the souls for people who died by the war. This is the point I found, when I look out over the war sits and memorials in Malaysia and Singapore.

At the same time, I recognized as a Japanese, it is difficult to away from the Japanese occupation.

Someone told me how the war history can be passed to present and future; as examples, one is institutional archive and another is ghost stories. First one is recorded everything as match as possible and keep then under the institutions like museum, academy and archive, then available for some occasions. I like this decent way and familiar with me. Another is local ghost stories and rumors, in these cases, the facts have already missed, and although they became simple stories, they just remained fears and cruelties of the war which is most important parts. These ghost stories were open me new direction to think about war ‘history’ of ‘archive’. It reminds me people who were in the past in difficult situations during the war, and still scare me as invisible existences.

Bicycle:

Uncle Kum’s bicycle shop, photo by Danial Bin Fuad

This is because of Japanese solders traveled bikes during the invasion. I picked bike intuitively as icon of my project, then just followed what happen. I have met good people who worked with bikes in the past which is another reason that I wanted to work with bikes.

Since I started this bike thing, it became clear I am interested in bikes, because it has social message like environmental issue, even it can use as just transport in general. For example, my favorite is uncle Kum’s shop which repairs bikes mostly rather than selling new bikes. He told me bike can use until completely break, because it can be repaired or replaced.

The bike parts that I collected

Bicycle supported the Japanese invasion, but, in present, they include message for society. It is personally interesting part with some possibility to grow my project.

I started to collect bike parts in Kuala Lumper. Each has stories for example, the flame is made in Malaysia company that has closed business, and the folk is old British one which was gift from someone who accidently I knew. I also started to go out with bike flame, because I want to add stories to this bike. This bike story is going to be continued in Japan.

Bicycle:Uncle Kum’s bicycle shop,

Uncle Kum’s bicycle shop,

This is because of Japanese solders traveled bikes during the invasion. I picked bike intuitively as icon of my project, then just followed what happen. I have met good people who worked with bikes in the past which is another reason that I wanted to work with bikes.

Since I started this bike thing, it became clear I am interested in bikes, because it has social message like environmental issue, even it can use as just transport in general. For example, my favorite is uncle Kum’s shop which repairs bikes mostly rather than selling new bikes. He told me bike can use until completely break, because it can be repaired or replaced.

The bike parts that I collected

Bicycle supported the Japanese invasion, but, in present, they include message for society. It is personally interesting part with some possibility to grow my project.

I started to collect bike parts in Kuala Lumper. Each has stories for example, the flame is made in Malaysia company that has closed business, and the folk is old British one which was gift from someone who accidently I knew. I also started to go out with bike flame, because I want to add stories to this bike. This bike story is going to be continued in Japan.